3. Stage3.Decommissioning
This stage can follow several alternative scenarios. For the political choice of an option not only the current social, ecological and economic situation is analyzed. Possible long-term geodynamical, climatic and other changes in the regions of decommissioned facility and SNF/RW storage (repository) region are to be taken into account.
- Option "Storage under surveillance” means that the reactor unit, all systems and equipment are conserved and isolated from the environment. Following this they are kept in a safe condition. The uncontaminated equipment is dismantled in order to be used or recycled.Slightly contaminated equipment undergoes a staged decontamination until it has the level, which permits its unrestricted use or recycling (e.g. metal can be molten). Rooms, buildings and facilities freed from such equipment can be pulled down or used for alternative business.
- Option "Burial” of radiologically hazardous blocks and structures. Reactor, firstcircuit equipment and other high-level equipment and structures are isolated.E.g. they are enclosed into a concrete matrix and kept in it until most active short-lived radionuclides decay. The "Burial” option uses the advantage of activity self-liquidation.
- Option "Liquidation” is aimed at reaching one of the following two post-decommissioning conditions of the reactor site:
- "BROWN FIELD” means the dismantling of equipment, evacuation of buildings and facilities not planned for future use, reprocessing and removal of all RW from the territory and its conditioning so that it could be used for the needs of atomic industry, e.g. for the construction of the RW repository or for other economic activities, e.g. for the techno-park development.
- "GREEN FIELD” means complete dismantling of reactor unit structures and buildings, as wellas the conditioning, packing and removal of radioactive waste; a complete removal of all consequences of the radiologicallyhazardous facility operation. Land remediation is made to allow the unrestricted use of the freed territory.
In this topic, the stages and possible scenarios of decommissioning nuclear power plants are examined.
Lectures on this topic:
TOPIC OF COURSE
- Topic 01. Current condition of nuclear energy
- Topic 02. Legislation in the US and in Russia
- Topic 03. International law in the sphere of decommissioning
- Topic 04. Role of the national regulators in the decommissioning process
- Topic 05. Possible approaches and scenarios of decommissioning
- Topic 06. Existing experience of decommissioning
- Topic 07. Strategy for handling radioactive waste (RW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) USA experience
- Topic 08. Strategy for handling RW and SNF Russian experience & other countries
- Topic 09. Social aspects of decommissioning
- Topic 10. International and inter-regional cooperation for safe decommissioning